Take-Over Time: A Cross-Cultural Study of Take-Over Responses in Highly Automated Driving

The article presents a cross-cultural study of take-over performance in highly automated driving. As is an important measure safe driving, potential cultural differences could have implications for the future development vehicles. was conducted two culturally different locations, Seattle, WA (n = 20) and Ljubljana, Slovenia 18), using driving simulator. While participants voluntarily engaged secondary tasks. request (TOR) triggered at specific time during drive, type response (none, brake, steer) were measured each participant. Results show significant between locations. In Seattle 30% did not respond to TOR; remaining 70% responded by braking only, compared Slovenian who all either or steering. Participants from significantly more slowly TOR (M +1285 ms) than participants. Secondary task engagement also had effect, with distracted US participants’ taking longer +1596 Reported may indicate behavior trust